punycode

What is punycode?

The punycode npm package is a robust library for encoding and decoding Unicode with Punycode. It's useful for internationalization and handling Unicode domain names and email addresses.

What are punycode's main functionalities?

Encoding to Punycode

Converts a Unicode string to a Punycode string (ASCII). Mainly used for domain names.

punycode.encode('mañana') // => 'maana-pta'

Decoding from Punycode

Converts a Punycode string (ASCII) back to a Unicode string. Useful for displaying human-readable text.

punycode.decode('maana-pta') // => 'mañana'

Unicode to ASCII conversion for domain names

Converts a Unicode domain name to an ASCII-compatible encoding (ACE) domain name.

punycode.toASCII('español.example.com') // => 'xn--espaol-zwa.example.com'

ASCII to Unicode conversion for domain names

Converts an ASCII-compatible encoding (ACE) domain name back to a Unicode domain name.

punycode.toUnicode('xn--espaol-zwa.example.com') // => 'español.example.com'

Other packages similar to punycode

idna-uts46-hx

A library that implements IDNA (Internationalized Domain Names in Applications) to Punycode conversion using the latest Unicode version. It's similar to punycode but follows the IDNA 2008 protocol, which is more up-to-date compared to the IDNA 2003 protocol that punycode follows.

README

Punycode.js

A robust Punycode converter that fully complies to RFC 3492 and RFC 5891, and works on nearly all JavaScript platforms.

This JavaScript library is the result of comparing, optimizing and documenting different open-source implementations of the Punycode algorithm:

• The C example code from RFC 3492
• punycode.c by Markus W. Scherer (IBM)
• punycode.c by Ben Noordhuis
• JavaScript implementation by some
• punycode.js by Ben Noordhuis (note: not fully compliant)

This project is bundled with Node.js v0.6.2+ and io.js v1.0.0+.

Installation

Via npm (only required for Node.js releases older than v0.6.2):

npm install punycode

Via Bower:

bower install punycode

Via Component:

component install bestiejs/punycode.js

In a browser:

<script src="punycode.js"></script>

In Node.js, io.js, Narwhal, and RingoJS:

var punycode = require('punycode');

In Rhino:

load('punycode.js');

Using an AMD loader like RequireJS:

require(
  {
    'paths': {
      'punycode': 'path/to/punycode'
    }
  },
  ['punycode'],
  function(punycode) {
    console.log(punycode);
  }
);

API

punycode.decode(string)

Converts a Punycode string of ASCII symbols to a string of Unicode symbols.

// decode domain name parts
punycode.decode('maana-pta'); // 'mañana'
punycode.decode('--dqo34k'); // '☃-⌘'

punycode.encode(string)

Converts a string of Unicode symbols to a Punycode string of ASCII symbols.

// encode domain name parts
punycode.encode('mañana'); // 'maana-pta'
punycode.encode('☃-⌘'); // '--dqo34k'

punycode.toUnicode(input)

Converts a Punycode string representing a domain name or an email address to Unicode. Only the Punycoded parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it on a string that has already been converted to Unicode.

// decode domain names
punycode.toUnicode('xn--maana-pta.com');
// → 'mañana.com'
punycode.toUnicode('xn----dqo34k.com');
// → '☃-⌘.com'

// decode email addresses
punycode.toUnicode('джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq');
// → 'джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa'

punycode.toASCII(input)

Converts a lowercased Unicode string representing a domain name or an email address to Punycode. Only the non-ASCII parts of the input will be converted, i.e. it doesn’t matter if you call it with a domain that’s already in ASCII.

// encode domain names
punycode.toASCII('mañana.com');
// → 'xn--maana-pta.com'
punycode.toASCII('☃-⌘.com');
// → 'xn----dqo34k.com'

// encode email addresses
punycode.toASCII('джумла@джpумлатест.bрфa');
// → 'джумла@xn--p-8sbkgc5ag7bhce.xn--ba-lmcq'

punycode.ucs2

punycode.ucs2.decode(string)

Creates an array containing the numeric code point values of each Unicode symbol in the string. While JavaScript uses UCS-2 internally, this function will convert a pair of surrogate halves (each of which UCS-2 exposes as separate characters) into a single code point, matching UTF-16.

punycode.ucs2.decode('abc');
// → [0x61, 0x62, 0x63]
// surrogate pair for U+1D306 TETRAGRAM FOR CENTRE:
punycode.ucs2.decode('\uD834\uDF06');
// → [0x1D306]

punycode.ucs2.encode(codePoints)

Creates a string based on an array of numeric code point values.

punycode.ucs2.encode([0x61, 0x62, 0x63]);
// → 'abc'
punycode.ucs2.encode([0x1D306]);
// → '\uD834\uDF06'

punycode.version

A string representing the current Punycode.js version number.

Unit tests & code coverage

After cloning this repository, run npm install --dev to install the dependencies needed for Punycode.js development and testing. You may want to install Istanbul globally using npm install istanbul -g.

Once that’s done, you can run the unit tests in Node using npm test or node tests/tests.js. To run the tests in Rhino, Ringo, Narwhal, PhantomJS, and web browsers as well, use grunt test.

To generate the code coverage report, use grunt cover.

Feel free to fork if you see possible improvements!

Author

Mathias Bynens

Contributors

John-David Dalton

License

Punycode.js is available under the MIT license.